THE FIFTH UNDERCONSTRUCTIONS WORKSHOP WILL BE IN PARIS, CITÉ DE L´ARCHITECTURE AT THE 29.06.2012.

More information about the topic and the participants coming soon!

Konzept:
Baugemeinschaft

Niedrigenergiestandard
Baukosten
ca. € 2.300 brutto/ qm
Bauzeit: 2009-2012

Entwicklung eines gesamten Blockes durch acht Baugruppenhäuser.
Auf einem fast unbebauten Flurstück mit nur einem Bestandsgebäude entwickeln vier Berliner Architekturbüros die Bebauung für einen gesamten Block mit dem Modell der Baugemeinschaft. Diese Entwicklung ermöglicht die Festlegung von übergreifenden Ideen wie einer gemeinschaftlichen Tiefgarage, eines großen Hofes und einer Dachterrasse über vier Häuser. Auch die Kosten können auf mehrere Häuser verteilt werden.

Im hier gezeigten Haus haben wir sehr unterschiedliche Wohntypen mit der Möglichkeit eines sehr dichten Programms entwickelt. Die Unterschiedlichkeit der Wohnungen zeigt sich an der Straßenseite, die Wohnungen drücken sich nach außen und geben dem Haus je nach Ansicht verschiedenen Richtungen. Der Aufzug liegt an der Fassade als ständig sich bewegendes Element. Der Benutzer fährt vor und hinter den Wohnungen durch das Volumen des Baus.

www.fatkoehl.com

sportifiation is a chain of complizen projects that examine the relationship between sports and urban spaces.

The integration of serious leisure and fun activities in the built environment has become an important aspect of city life. The post socialistic spaces in East Germany inspired us to search further for alternative and temporary uses.

The objective of the sportification research events is to establish fresh urban playgrounds while finding new ways to involve communities in urban planning processes.

complizen Planungsbüro provides architecture, communication, and urban development.

www.complizen.de

Halle Neustadt was one of the largest urban projects of the GDR. As a start-up socialist city, Halle Neustadt was to be a counter-design to capitalist urban planing.

Due to drastic economic restructuring of the former GDR, the population of Halle Neustadt shrunk by more than fifty percent since the 1990s. The traditional top-down planning tools of urban development had already failed before we began our work.

One of the objectives of our work was therefore to find ways of breaking up confrontations beween the actors involved and to create new spaces for negotiation and action.

We proposed space for diversication, introducing a new spacial organisation of the city area in neighborhoods – like fields. These new small scale spacial entities were designed to be a receptacle and framework for one dormant potential of neustadt: the activity of the inhabitants.

www.raumlabor.net

THE FOURTH UNDERCONSTRUCTIONS WORKSHOP WILL BE IN VIENNA, IG-ARCHITEKTUR AT THE 17.05.2012.

More information about the topic and the participants coming soon!

Linz beholds an architectural gem right in the city‘s heart: the huge former Tobacco Factory called  „Tabakfabrik Linz“.  The unique ensemble is heritage listed and was bought by the city of Linz once production stopped in 2009; tens of thousands of square meters  are awaiting for appropriate use.

A group of architects, urban planners and social scientists is engaged in the now empty Tabakfabrik‘s process of transformation. It is in the course of that engagement that umbauwerkstatt (transformation workshop) was initiated in February 2010; it is thought to be a think tank providing the necessary ideas and the stimulus required to counter the predictable inertia of official municipal institutions by being a research lab for the future of the Factory. Further more, umbauwerkstatt aims at providing independent information, and therefor transparency to citizens; its focus is above all on design, quality of process and organization.

www.umbauwerkstatt.at

contact
an@umbauwerkstatt.net

Da(ta)place (2010-2012) is a project to get people involved in the urban planning on a useless square in Belleville – Paris. During two years inhabitants  are invited to rearrange their neighborhood and their own accommodation through various workshops. The inhabitants will imagine their public spaces helped by architects and designers from the collective.

How to invent and build the neighborhood by enhancing the inhabitant expertise.

It’s including :

- A study “The square uses” using alternative means of data gathering (asking people to draw their daily pathways on a large scale model of the square, chinese portrait of the square, 24h observations… )

- Workshops about some of the main uses identified (Cooking, eating on self-builded mobile kitchen, create multi-purposes benches used both as soccer goals and sits for the elders,…)

- Gatherings on different topics ( “Parlons Pigeon” about the pigeon issues in urban environnement, the international Soup contest, open air cinema,…)

At the end of 2012, considering the results of these experimentations the square will be (re)designed.

Cochenko promotes soft, poetic, political and playful activism to imagine new ways of thinking public spaces.

www.cochenko.fr
dataplace.jimdo.com

PREPARATIFS 6 | PARK(ing) DAY 2011 – COCHENKO from DEDALE on Vimeo.

City of Zaragoza

Patrizia Di Monte and Ignacio Gravalos, architects

Contemporary cities present a wide variety of unresolved issues, as shown by the many different abandoned plots of land that exist in the urban fabric.

This situation has been taken advantage of by the inhabitants of Zaragoza as an OPPORTUNITY to intervene directly in the city.

The “Estonoesunsolar” programme of Zaragoza City Council, commits to the recovery of PUBLIC SPACE as the backbone of today’s city, through the OCCUPATION OF PLOTS OF LAND for transient public use.

“Estonoesunsolar” started off with temporary interventions in abandoned plots in the historical quarter of the city, of public and private ownership. Later, given their great success, they spread to the rest of the city.

The programme offers a quick answer to the needs of each neighbourhood, analyzing the socio-economic conditions, amenities and green spaces that already exist, as well as the deficiencies of each area. Social cohesion is favoured through citizen participation processes.

At the same time, many different cultural and educational activities have been carried out that emphasise the value of the interventions, inviting citizens to experience these spaces.

Work has always been carried out providing flexible, sustainable solutions, which can be transformed in time, considering that one of the important aspects of a living city is its inhabitants’ capacity to share experiences.

13 months
28 plots
42.000 m
more than 60 citizen association

estonoesunsolar.wordpress.com
gravalosdimonte.wordpress.com

DUS architects, The Netherlands

Bottum up topdown supervising

Almere is the youngest town of The Netherlands. De Wierden is one of the eldest dwelling areas of Almere. Built in the late seventies, early eighties, this area now faces several changes. DUS has been assigned as supervisors of the transformation of the area, and thereby will commit to the project long term (final expected completion 2022).
The urban transformation trajectory will be supervised by DUS in close collaboration with urban designer Gert Breugem (gemeente Almere) and will consist of a mixture of bottom-up and top down components, ranging from social planning to landscape and architectural design, and will evolve in several phases by means of mapping, programming and designing.

In the first phase, inhabitants of De Wierden are invited to partake in the development of a Style Book, edited by DUS. The style-book editorial house is located in De Wierden and is local base for DUS during the project. The Style Book will contain urban ingredients, architectural recipes and (D.I.Y.) home improvement/alteration advice. In the following phases, DUS will supervise the architects that will work on the transformation of existing houses and the design of new buildings and facilities.

www.dusarchitects.com

Querkräfte – Urban Futures of TXL Airport, Berlin

In 2012 Berlin’s inner-city airport Tegel will be closed down. To test a variety of possible future developments the Senate Department for Urban Development set up a Cooperative Workshop Procedure in 2009.
Our project ‘Querkräfte’, seen and commissioned as the ‘Wildcard’, represents a special position within the Cooperative Workshop Procedure. It adopts a radical attitude by not only showcasing plausible options, but also future events with a relatively low probability of occurrence, but a likely high impact. The scenarios were presented as consistent stories from the future, combining interdisciplinary knowledge on global developments with an intense research on Berlin’s specific urban potentials and challenges. Like that the study illustrates a planning paradigm that does not believe in a single best solution, but develops a range of optional futures for the former site of TXL Airport.

commissioned by Senate Department for Urban Developement, Berlin

www.cityfoerster.net

As part of a project created at an architectural workshop within the Foro barriadas, nuevos centros urbanos, organized in 2006 by the Consejería de Vivienda y Ordenación del Territorio de la Junta de Andalucía (Department of Housing and Planning at the Junta de Andalucía), we proposed a tool whose origin lay in the paradox of increasing numbers of newly constructed or under construction housing as opposed to the high percentage of empty housing, abandonned plots and the lack of suitable communal areas.

Spain has a higher percentage of empty housing than any other country in the European Union. A quarter of these are located in Andalusia where they make up between 15 – 18 % of all housing in the region. Several initiatives have attempted to ameliorae the problem to little effect.

In 2006 we incorporated into the debate the need to reflect on and work with these empty spaces. In order to do so we began with the premise that this positive emptiness is not simply a symptom of exclusion, poor quality construction and speculation. We assigned them a potentially positive value as models, typologies and especially as possible sources of architectural revival.

To help solve the housing problem we proposed pinpointing and presenting these empty spaces as a way to potentially fulfil the demands and needs of their surroundings by rethinking their purpose.

Within this framework we asked whether, due to the high (and rising) number of empty dwellings in Andalusia, architectural projects could be devised to utilize these millions of metres of empty space for energetic, environmental, infrastructural and residential needs within their urban surroundings .

We proposed a comprehensive and participative management of the empty housing, which we term positive emptiness (0+), to be incorporated into the current system of residential, environmental, energetic and infrastructural resources with in the neighbourhoods to which they form a part. In this way they could hopefully fulfil the requirements of the local population either temporarily or permanently.

The aim is to think of new formulas for utilizing the latent disparate constallation of built spaces in order that they be distributed throughout the different neighbourhoods to which they pertain in an integrated, connected and qualified manner.

www.mediomundo.es
issuu.com/mediomundo_arquitectos/docs/0_positive_emptiness

La conception de ce lotissement de 9 habitations sociales à Sîncel en Roumanie suite à la commande conjointe de la mairie et de l’association Habitat Cité oeuvrant pour l’habitat des familles Roms en Roumanie, a été pensée à travers l’utilistion d’un matériau qui devra être produit sur place pour les besoins du projet: la brique de terre comprimée.
Le budget étant fortement restreint: contrainte budgétaire de 10000 euros par maison, les choix architecturaux ont été orientés vers une rationalisation des installations et des éléments technqiue. Ceci allié à un respect des traditions constructives de la région, d’une bonne implantation sur la parcelle et d’un respect des us et coutumes des habitants.

www.helene-reinhard.fr

In 2009, for a period of 3 days, a nonconform on-site process took place in Zeillern. The theme was “How to get Zeillern on 560m2?” A new public square for the town was the main focus of the development process; a priority also the enhancement of the relation from church to castle, which serves as a event centre.

Usually the best ideas emerge when people work together on a theme in casual atmosphere and let their minds wander. But the event needs to be prepared and moderated well. Exactly that happened in Zeillern. The parish hall was rendered an open ideas office – we architects installed a temporary office there for 3 days. A lot of citizens visited and worked with us or just dropped their ideas and wishes. Out of more than 500 ideas we developed 3 different scenarios for a solution. The inclusion of the citizens´ wishes in the elaboration of the scenarios was a priority. These scenarios were presented to the citizens at the evening of the 3rd day: “The bridge”, “The red carpet” and “The Square Building”; the subsequent vote by all people present produced a winner scenario: “The red carpet”.
The winner scenario links church, castle and castle island by means of the metaphor of a red carpet and interprets the new public square as a path through Zeillern´s treasures in the town centre. The red carpet is like a three-dimensional braid which is filled with cultural, spiritual and social themes in varying density. It is a place to pause for a moment, it provides space for celebrations for both the people of Zeillern and guests (for a wedding e.g.) and pilgrims on the Road to Santiago.

nonconform.at
zeillern.vor-ort.at

Pictures (c) Kurt Hörbst

The project was implemented by the Warsaw Branch Office of the Polish Architects’ Association (SARP OW) within the framework of the Library Development Program.
The Information Society Development Foundation has been implementing the Library Development Program that is aimed at making it easier for Polish public libraries to gain access to computers, the Internet and training. The Library Development Program in Poland is a joint project of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Polish-American Freedom Foundation.

Location: 30 locations in Poland (Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Złotoryja, Chojnów, Zelgno, Lniano, Sułów, Drelów, Wisznice, Wola Mysłowska, Krzeszyce, Kowiesy, Iłża, Mokrsko, Trzebinia, Podkowa Leśna, Nasielsk, Dąbrówka, Jedlno Letnisko, Warszawa, Chmielnik, Mielnik, Sokółka, Wasilków, Zawady, Krokowa, Gdańsk, Bojszowy)

www.biblioteki.org/pl/sztuka_ksztaltowania_przestrzeni/about_the_project

Arrebita!Porto is a social entrepreneurship project with the mission to fight the abandonment of inner Porto. The project is based on the idea that by creating win-win exchanges between different parties we can refurbish derelict buildings for free! It is aimed for owners without means and runs on a collaborative network of international architecture and engineering students, supplier companies of construction materials and professors from technical universities and specialist schools.
The underlying objective is that all win on top of the social value created by the project. For young architects and engineers in particular, this is a fantastic opportunity to put their creativity to use and feel the impact of their work in the world. So be the solution and join us in this mission! Everybody’s participation is essential to create the change we need.

www.arrebita.org
www.facebook.com/arrebita.porto

Here you can find all the TAGS to explore the DATA BASE.

THE THIRD UNDERCONSTRUCTIONS WORKSHOP WILL BE IN POTSDAM, BUNDESSTIFTUNG BAUKULTUR AT THE 30.03.2012.

More informations soon!

Un plus Un aims to support families and improve choice in the residential housing market.  It targets the supply of private housing for people on lower incomes.

Un plus Un empowers future home owners by giving them the opportunity to take their first step on the property ladder, even with limited financial means, and thus secure their access to housing. The scheme relies in part on so-called « self-help housing ». In order to bring down the initial cost of purchasing their houses, future home owners agree to contribute to the finishing stages of construction. 

In return for contributing to the construction work on their new properties, beneficiaries pay a reduced purchase-price and experience an enhanced sense of ownership for their new homes, having helped build them.

Un plus Un’s approach is founded on 5 fundamental premises:

- A simple, accessible scheme to make the home-buying process easier (covering mortgage, access to land, legal framework and contracting, insurance, etc.).

- The active participation of home-buyers in the construction of their houses, supported by Un plus Un’s professional network (materials and expertise).

- Improved cost-effectiveness, not only as a result of self-help construction, but also due to improved co-ordination of budgets and contractors involved in the housing project, and access to a pool of professionals trained to support future home-owners in the self-help construction process.

- The construction of sustainable, energy-efficient and good quality flats, which are cheaper to run over the long-term.

- A specific framework for the resale of flats, under a non-speculative clause, to a social landlord who can rent properties on to people meeting the affordable housing criteria. The sale price reflects not only the original equity investment, but also the value of the ‘self-help’ construction work done, enabling home-owners to convert their properties into significant financial resources.

www.1p1.fr

graphic design:
Kevin Alvès

The independent and open crowd-sourcing project Nexthamburg gives citizens the possibility to contribute to current discussions about urban development in Hamburg with their own ideas. It gives them space to grow, for discussion, and feedback from its big community of more than 5.000 as well as from experts. Everybody can create own visions for Hamburg on www.nexthamburg.de and at several Nexthamburg events. The long-term goal of the project is to organize a crowd-funding channel for promising ideas for Hamburg’s urban development to finance feasibility studies and realization efforts.

Nexthamburg is active since April 2009 and has been promoted as a pilot project of national politics of urban development by the federal ministry for traffic, building, and urban development until 2011. It is supposed to become a non-profit association in 2012.

www.nexthamburg.de

nexthamburg – Gemeinsam die Stadt verändern. from filmfeld on Vimeo.

Kalarand (‘Fishermen’s Beach’) is an improvised beach close to the Old Town and the city centre of Tallinn. Regardless of the widespread assumption that the site is polluted, practice has shown the water to be clean and the location naturally suitable for bathing. Tallinn City Government and the owners of the land want to develop the area into residental area and marina area, by totally changing the existing coastline and closing most of the area to public use.

In 2008, the detail plan got hundreds of protests from local inhabitants the City Government has not changed the plans.

In summer 2010, the authors of the installation – an architect, a local community leader and a urban researcher and activist – did a pilot test, setting up a changing cubicle at Kalarand. This marked the place out as a bathing site and the bathers began to use the cubicle right away. Quite unfortunately, two weeks later the lightweight cubicle disappeared for reasons unknown.

In summer 2011, this urban intervention in public space was repeated on a somewhat grander scale by building a more solid cabin and adding some other elements of a beach, like bench and terraces. The beach area was cleared and the scrub trimmed. The seabed of the bathing site was cleared of rubbish and pieces of concrete; water samples were taken and analysis results were posted on a notice board. The installation was opened with a beach party on June 12, 2011 that marked the spot as a great place for seaside leisure. “Kalarand” was part of the Urban Installations Festival LIFT11 organised within the year of Tallinn European Capital of Culture 2011. Among other installations in the city space of Tallinn, capital of Estonia, Kalarand was the only community-oriented installation that questioned the planned real estate developments of the privately owned seaside spot as well as raised questions about opening Tallinn to the seaside.

This urban intervention and presentation of Kalarand as a ‘swim-at-your-own-risk beach’ attempted to draw attention to the plans that concern the entire area and are aimed at developing a large residential and marina area there. The residents of Kalamaja contested the proposed plan and it has not been adopted so far. The use of seashore as a beach and public space will not preclude the development of residential buildings or marina facilities because the large area holds various opportunities. The use of that city space as a beach could also enrich the development plans and help the owner of the property improve the image of the area and the quality of its future environment.

The authors of installation and other activists will continue with the process of changing the plans for Kalarand area, combining their architectural and juridical competence with the skills of making art installations and having discussions in daily media.

Picture (c) Reio Avaste

KALARAND from LIFT11 on Vimeo.

After winning a competition commissioned by the Public Urban Planning Agency of Saint-Etienne (France), the Collectif Etc designed a public square of 670 sq. m. and built it with the inhabitants in a participative process in July 2011.
At the intersection of two streets, the site was formerly a wasteland. Answering the on-going urban changes in the neighborhood, the project simulates a first step of the process in which a building is designed and built. The idea is to represent the plan of imaginary housings on the ground and their section on the wall. That way, people can imagine living in the future buildings and get an idea of the impact of the real one that sould be built in a couple of years.
For a whole month, three types of workshops have been set up and were fully open to anyone, every day from 9 am to 8 pm:
- A carpentry workshop to build all the urban furniture;
- A graphic design workshop to give life to the imaginary housings and to the surroundings;
- A landscape and gardening workshop to establish the green space and shared garden in the middle of the site.
The construction site was open to the public and people could exchange and learn from each other. The Collectif Etc provided everyone with tools, safety gears and advice. Local associations, artists and musicians were invited to organize various activities such as wall paintings, concerts, circus workshops, open air movies, sports tournaments, tango lessons, special meals, debates… An online blog got set up and showcased the everyday life of the construction site.
The works are now over. A water tank is available and local people had the initiative to keep taking care of the garden themselves and organize regular events. The furniture is not damaged, the place is well maintained and the inhabitants decided to name it “Place of the Giant” after the large painting made by artists Ella&Pitr. It is now an important element in the neighborhood, a place that neighbors identify to.

www.collectifetc.com
www.placeauchangement.fr 

Liezen is a town located right in the center of Austria (at the same time being far away from the major Austrian cities), defined by a large area of shopping malls which has continuously emptied the town center. A group of shopkeepers in the meanwhile neglected town center approached Public Art Styria with the ambition to realize a public art project in order to address this problem. transparadiso developed Commons Come to Liezen as an art project discussing and realizing new forms of societal acting based on commons – reconsidering neo-liberal economical structures still prevalent. As Werner Fenz, the director of Public Art Styria, said: “This concept leaves the conventional categories of sculpture, painting or graphic design behind and turns art into a space of thinking and acting by inserting dialogical settings directly into the everyday space of people.”

The pavilion
The central park of Liezen is an orchard still functioning as commons. It was reactivated through a pavilion which initially was used as „storage“ for 19 layers of large size tangram-pieces1 out of wood.
For introducing the project to the community transparadiso installed a project space right in the town center and organized public game sessions with tangram games in the scale 1:10, introducing a modified tangram game as collective art project. The game sessions also served as communication tool, e.g. for discussing vital topics like new forms of commons and collecting art (not just by the wealthy) – as well as the future of Liezen. The tangram pieces have been sold as art pieces (referring to minimal sculpture). Thus the storage space/ pavilion has gradually been emptied and is now ready for use for future activities by the community.

Collecting Art – Acquire Shares of Commons Come to Liezen
The tangram pieces are numbered and signed and offered for sale for a (subsidized) price of 100.00 euro. The earnings will be reinvested in Commons Come to Liezen and the further programming of the pavilion as part of a larger and long term strategy for the current challenges of Liezen and its urban development as well as its positioning within the region.

New urban tools and strategies
The public art project served as starting point for developing new tools and strategies as cross-disciplinary approach tackling the multilayered issues involved in urban development as part of larger economical and societal issues–also beyond Liezen. Thus the project being located in a smaller town can serve as a sample case, since the communication is more direct than in bigger cities.

www.transparadiso.com

The Urban Islands Project is part of an ongoing project SPACEPILOTS introduced in 2009 under the title of Unlocking the City, aiming to excite young people about their city, engage them with their environment, and to empower them to get involved in the actual shaping of places.

We are inviting young people aged 16-25 to participate in the research and development of design ideas for Urban Islands. A citywide survey has been run in London in 2009 asking young people about their local environment and the interventions they would like to see put in place to improve their lives. – The Urban Islands Project is a direct response to their call to create places where they can meet each other and feel safe.

We launched the project in form of a small pilot at the London Festival of Architecture [LFA 2010], in the Borough of Southwark, South London. During the LFA 2010 we have been running a series of workshops with nine young people living in the area, exploring possible ways to detect, map and animate places through urban interventions and architectural actions.

The youngsters set out scanning the neighborhood to find overlooked spots and niches in their environment that might allow for an island to unfold and act – be it
as a meeting point, a playground, a picnic corner,…

Within three weeks they built urban furniture, tested ways of mapping and learned about the process of designing in the public realm, planted seeds, created a light garden, exchanged ideas with various local experts from the fields of architecture, urban planning and lighting design, and made a documentary –working with a photographer and filmmaker during the festival events. You can visit their Facebook side to find out more about their journey and/or follow us on twitter.

The Urban Islands Pilots have been developed in collaboration and support of Anna Hillman, ITVfixers, Better Bankside, and Love your Street. We are currently seeking for funding and further supporting organizations to expand the project throughout Europe.

www.spacepilots.net
facebook.com/pages/Urban-Islands-Project/108609095841553
www.urbanislandsproject.net
twitter.com/#!/uiplon

video:
Understand the Underpass from harry bix

The architectural profession often ignores the suburbs. At worst it treats suburbia with disdain. ‘We ♥ the Suburbs’, a charity set up by architecture graduates Melanie Bax and Sarah Considine was driven by a desire for recognition that the suburbs represent some of Britain’s most worrying overlooked deprivation.

Through focusing on Cluny, a housing estate in Southend-on-Sea, Bax and Considine used interactive exhibitions and workshops to put local people at the heart of the project. From this, the project was established – a temporary, demountable summer pavilion that could be self-built, accommodate a series of events and be reused for summers to come – all in collaboration with young people.

The simplicity of its forms allowed for flexibility – acting as shelter, stage, informal café, park bench, climbing frame. Its birch plywood repeating panels, from some angles allowed seclusion, from others was permeable and importantly surveyable. The external form was modest, responding to its no-frills park location, while internally playful.

weheartthesuburbs.blogspot.com

Processor:
Adom. M Studio, Design Factory, Bottova 2, Bratislava

Authors:
Michal Ganobjak, Vladimír Hain

Location:
Stanicna street 51, 921 01  Piestany, Slovakia

Hands-on-science centre and power generation museum in the city of Piestany (80km NW from the capital of Bratislava) has centered on a landmark building of a municipal power station from the Registry of the Slovak National Heritage. Built in 1906 and on active power generation duty until 1945 and later used as a transformer station until 1994, the building has been left behind ever since as an abandoned warehouse condemned to eventual demolition or self-destruction.

Preservation effort started in 2008 with the announcement of a public competition of architecture students, organized in Bratislava in2008; the winning proposal is now being executed under the supervision of certified professional architects. EON Foundation and Design Factory has continued working with the two-member winning team (Ing. arch. Michal Ganobjak, Ing arch. Vladimír Hain), under the guidance of Associate Professor Eva Kráľová. Their mission can be summarized by a question – How can we make the museum become living, dynamic place, friendly and attractive for young people but also all those who treasure history of technology?

The promoter and chief coordinator of the Eureka Centrum project has expanded its original mission of children and youth education in the area of energy use and conservation merely by  preservation of a remarkable piece of industrial heritage.

www.elektrarnapiestany.sk
www.eurekacentrum.sk
www.eurekacentrum.com